AOC College Dance Video
Leaked early in her tenure with the House of Representatives to smear her.
Theme Song: Maytal Cohen covers “Toxicity”
Riddle: Crow Solves Puzzle Sequence
Lecture: Seeking Truth
Mechanics: Bottom-Line Grammar
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David Hodges
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I like to be called David, but “Mister Hodges” and “Professor” are popular choices. My ESL students’ charming alternative, “Mister David,” is my favorite by far.
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11/14
0. Class started rather unusually: with a video of a politician’s past. Apart from being useful for our general knowledge, there is no takeaway for us as writers.
1. Instead of us solving another riddle, a video was shown of a crow, one of the most intelligent animals, solves a puzzle to win the prize – food.
2. Being unbiased is incredibly hard. Using evidence that wholly supports our claims is redundantly restating the obvious: someone has already done it. We should aim to reach new original conclusions.
3. In terms of grammar, my only true weakness was using double quotes and periods/commas with them. The Professor helped me understand the rules: periods and commas are always always always always always inside the quotes; Americans always use double quotes, only using single quotes if it’s there’s quotation inside quotation.
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Notes 11/14
AOC College Dance Video
– A video made by conservatives to smear a progressive politician backfired. Conservatives and progressives alike found it adorable rather than negativity about her image. The fact that it’s just a college kid having some fun should not damage her reputation.
Riddle: given that crows are really smart, one was able to solve a puzzle that would eventually reward it with food. The crow was able to infer that the stick would help retrieve the blocks and even compared stick lengths to determine which one would be most useful.
Seeking Truth
– Listen to the evidence to arrive at the right conclusion.
– Don’t look only for evidence that proves YOUR conclusion in your approach to research. Instead, look for the truth.
– If someone has already published a conclusion that you agree with, there’s little to no point in publishing it yourself.
– Learn and come to your own conclusions. If you found evidence that proves your thesis, great! If you realize that you can’t find evidence and only see proof of the contrary, great! Either way, you’ve learned something.
Bottom-line Grammar
Rules:
1.) There/Their/They’re.
– They’re is only a contraction for They are.
– Their is only a possessive of Them.
– There is an adverb of place or as a pronoun to introduce sentences.
2.) Its/It’s
– It’s has only one use: a contraction for It is.
– Its has only one use: a possessive for It.
3.) The reason is because
– This is redundant. “Because” already means “for the reason that.”
4.) Pronoun genders and number
– Using male or female pronouns where a person’s gender is not known (e.g “your reader will lose HIS place”) is considered socially insensitive.
– Replacing them with plural pronouns when they don’t fit grammatically (e.g “YOUR reader will lose THEIR place”, however, is worse.
– Either stick to alternating male and female pronouns in your writing or use plurals correctly (e.g “your reader will lose HER place” or “your READERS will lose THEIR place”).
5.) Count and Non-Count Nouns
– Number and fewer refer to things that can be counted (e.g number of votes, fewer people).
– Amount and less refer to things that cannot be counted (e.g amount of snow, less rain).
– “More,” however, can be used in either scenario.
6.) To/Too/Two
– Two is a number only.
– Too is a conjunction meaning “and” or “in addition”; it is also an adverb that can indicate excessiveness.
– To is used in every other case: to form infinitives, as a preposition to indicate place, or to mean roughly for the purpose.
7.) Periods and Commas Inside the Quotes
– Periods and commas always go inside the quotes.
8.) Then/Than
– Then refers to a context/time or a consequence.
– Than is used for comparisons only; refers to the alternative.
9.) Affect/Effect
– Both have the same meaning, but:
a.) Affect is a verb, and
b.) Effect is a noun.
10.) Your/You’re
– Your is only a possessive adjective for You.
– You’re is only a contraction for You are.
11.) Single Quotes/Double Quotes
– In America, writers always start out with double quotes. Quotations within a quotation should be single quotes.
12.) The Banned 2nd Person
– Never refer to the audience directly. It’s not grammatically incorrect but it is banned from academic writing.
13.) Plurals and Possessives
– Never mistake plurals for possessives or vice versa (e.g “America is the worlds most obese nation.” Instead, “America is the world’s most obese nation”).
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Amazing Notes
4/3
Affect and Effect do refer to the same situation, but because one is a verb and the other a noun, they don’t mean the same thing.
Proof of the contrary, great! I love that.
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NOTES:
-Crow solving puzzle to get food- interesting source of intelligence in animals.
-Sources are very important in backing up claims- Do not make claim without sufficient textual support.
-Researching the topic you’re writing about before writing about it is important, especially because you could find a topic you’re more passionate about to write about.
-Grammar rules to help us in our writing, and mistakes we never catch but sometimes make.
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Notes 11/14:
-When searching for evidence for an argument, it is almost trivial to utilize sources that only prove our argument. Doing so doesn’t help make your claims more believable, but rather shows that someone else already had your idea, and creates redundancy in your work.
-Accepting that with every argument, even your own, allows a sense of maturity and perspective to prosper in your writing and separate it from other arguments your audience might see.
-Sometimes not being able to find sufficient supporting evidence can boost one’s writing. It prevents us as writers from simply following the path subconsciously created by the already existing evidence, and that is easy to draw conclusions from. We are then able to draw our own conclusions about the argument and so is the audience.
—Grammar Rules Reminder—
1: There/Their/They’re
2:It/It’s==It’s(it is), its(possession)
3: The reason is because…
4: Make sure to not assume pronouns in writing! If unsure, either alternate female/male pronouns, or use they but be sure to use correct plural or singular pronouns.
5: If it is counted, use number, if it cannot(many or much voting*), use amount.
Less=cannot be counted, Fewer=can be counted
6: To=preposition, infinitives–Too=adverb, or in addition to–Two=number of something
7: PERIODS AND COMMAS ALWAYYYYS INSIDE THE QUOTES.
8:Then=time, than=comparison
9: Affect=verb, Effect=noun
10:Your=possessive, You’re= contraction for you are
11: single quotes used when quoting something that was already quoted
12: “You” does not belong in a paper, ever.
13: make sure you are always in subject verb agreement, and that you distinguish properly between plurals and possessives in your sentences.
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Riddle: The crow was put through a test that tested his ability to get food in 8 steps. The crow got his food when he performed the 8 steps in the right order. The crow is smarter than you think he is.
The source that perfectly supports your argument, is something you never use. It presents something that has already been published. Instead find flaws in similar sources that support your topic, then you can build a rebuttal using that info. If you can’t find a source on something that refutes your argument, you can create your own rebuttal and make it original.
Grammar Rules
Rule 5: Count and Non-Count Nouns – if you can turn the subject into it’s plural form, then its probably countable. Replace many and much if confused. Use “fewer” for count nouns, and “less” for non-count nouns.
Rule 7: ALWAYS, ALWAYS, ALWAYS, ALWAYS, ALWAYS put the period and comma inside the quotes.
Rule 11: Only use single quotes if you are quoting something within double quotes!!!!!
Rule 9: Affect vs Effect
Affect is a verb – something does not affect you. Effect is a noun – something has an effect on you.
Rule 13: You make it plural first and then add the apostrophe “s”. If you pronounce the second “s”, then it belongs there.
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11/14/19
– You should seek to find the truth, and not just try to prove your argument. You should look for evidence, not conclusions.
– If you cant find a source that proves your thesis definitively you can draw your own conclusions and act as an “expert” on the subject.
– You should seek sources that raise more questions than they answer.
– count = number, non-count = amount
-Use fewer, not less when referring to things that can be counted. Less is used for things that cannot be counted.
-For example: “Fewer votes were counted this year, the turnout was less than last year.”
-Affect is used as a verb while effect is a noun.
-For example “They were affected by many effects”
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Riddle (Crow solves puzzle sequence) Video
– A video that questions if crows are the ultimate problem solvers
– In this video a crow must solve a sequence of learned abilities (A puzzle) in order to obtain a reward (food), which is successfully done
Lecture: Seeking Truth (Finding sources)
– When seeking information about an idea we hold we should look for the truth, not just information that supports our original thoughts
– We should write to learn and share new ideas not to regurgitate already established claims
Mechanics: Bottom-line grammar
– Talked about and went over common grammar mistakes made in writing
– Rule 5 (count and non-count nouns): the common mistakes are to use amount instead of number and less instead of fewer
– Rule 9 (Effect/Affect): R.A.V.E.N = Remember Affect Verb Effect Noun
– Rule 11 (Quotes): Single quotes are only used when quoting inside of double quotes. Example: “The ‘perfect’ call led to impeachment,” said the chairman.
– Rule 13 (Plurals and Possessives): Singular + ‘s and Plural + ‘s, s’, or s’s Example: The Hodgeses’ car.
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NOTES:
Riddle:
-A puzzle solved by a crow
-The crow figures out the puzzle and uses the tools to get the food in the end
Lecture:
-Researching information for papers and providing evidence
-Letting research guide the hypothesis. If the hypothesis and the thesis at the end is very different, research is a success
-In search of the truth instead of warping research into only information that fits the original hypothesis
Mechanics:
-Grammar rules that should be solid in writing
-Going through a list of grammar rules and voting on the ones that should be gone over the most.
-Most popular votes to review were “Count/Non-count nouns” and the difference between “Affect” and “Effect.”
-“Number” is used for things that can be counted (votes) and “amount” is used for things we cannot count (voting)
-ALWAYS use double quotes unless something is being quoted inside quotes, then single quotes would be used.
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11/14
watched video on supreme court women dancing and how she was criticized on her professionalism
crow riddle- how to retrieve food
research techniques- look for counterarguments or things that disprove your argument rather than loading up on sources that support your thesis
grammar- many vs much , quotes, plurals and possessives
a lot of grammar review
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Lecture
-While taking in sources, finding a source that says exactly what your thoughts are is pointless.
-If no evidence to prove a thesis is found, this means that the idea is yours and you are not repeating the opinions of others.
-It is important to look for evidence not conclusions.
-Being wrong or right is unimportant as long as it is a viable thesis
Grammar
-Fewer is used to count and less is used to describe an amount
-Affect is a verb while effect is a noun
*To affect/an effect
-Singular+ ‘s/plural+ ‘(s)
*The (s) is optional in a possessive plural
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11/14
AOC College Dance Video
– We watched a video that college-aga Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez dancing on a rooftop
– The video shows the politician rocking some 1980s “Breakfast Club” style dance
Crow Solves Puzzle Sequence
– We watched a video that a crow solve a complex puzzle to get food
Seeking Truth
– Seeking Truth vs. Finding Sources
– Listening to the Evidence
-Hunting for Proof, we find Proof
– Why Publish Someone Else’s Truth
– Look for Evidence, Not Conclusions: The research part of the writing process is our chance to find better, not to locate good enough
– Failing to find the source that proves our thesis is the real blessing. Without an expert to follow, we are free to become the expert
Bottom-Line Grammar
– There is used the rest of the time, as an adverb of place, or as a pronoun to introduce sentences ; They’re has only one use. It ;s a contraction for They are ; Their has only one use. It’s a possessive for Them
– It’s has only one use. It’s a contraction for It is ; ITs has only one use. It’s a possessive for it
– Because means for the reason that.
– Socially insensitive: Be careful with your antecedents, or your reader will lose his place
– Use the word number, not the word amount, to refer to things that can be counted, like votes. Use the word amount, not the word number, to refer to things that cannot be counted, like voting.
– The easy way to determine whether the noun can be counted or not is to apply the word many or much
– Use the word fewer, not the word less, to refer to things that can be counted, like votes. Use the word less, not the word fewer, to refer to things that cannot be counted, like voting
– Two is a number ; Too is a conjunction meaning and or in addition ; To is used in every other case: to form infinitives, as a preposition to indicate place, or to mean roughly for the purpose
– Periods and commas inside the quotes
– Then used for time ; Then used for consequence ; Than used for comparisons only
– Affect is a verb ; Effect is a noun
– You’re has only one use. It’s a contraction for You are ; Your has only one use. It;s a possessive adjective for You
– we use Double Quotes for everything! Even if you’re just using quotes ironically, or for another special purpose, they’re always double, not single quotes
– writing 2nd-person sentences that address the reader as “you” is banned from academic writing
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To begin class, we started with a video of a crow solving a puzzle to be rewarded with food. After, we went on to learning about how to write a well constructed research paper. If you do not find a source that proves your thesis, then your idea is the first, and that is good for writing. Finally, we started with going over a few grammar rules. We began with rule #5 which are count and non-count nouns where we discussed the differences between less and fewer. Count nouns use fewer whereas non-count nouns use less. We addressed rule #9 where we found the difference between effect and affect. We should use affect when we need a verb, but effect when we need a noun. Rule #11 was next where we went over double quotes and how they are almost always doubled except when someone is talking and you quote within their quote. The last rule in class was #13 with plurals and possessives when many people are confused between Dave’s and Daves.’ Dave’s is just one Dave’s car, however, Daves’ is both Daves’ one car.
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Notes
– Sources during research shouldn’t fully support your idea because its something already published with that information so your writing nothing new
– When finding the perfect source you will just take other peoples information and writing it into your paper. Although you would have a good looking paper you will get nothing out of it.
– Not being able to find a source that backs up your thesis then its a blessing. Then there would be no expert because there isn’t already one out there.
GRAMMER
1.) there/their/they’re- “their” is the contraction for “they are.””their” is possessive for “them.””there” is used the rest of the time
2.) Its/It’s- “It’s” is a contraction for “It is”,”its” is the possessive for “it.”
3.) The reason is because- Because means for the reason that.
4.) Pronoun genders and numbers- Alternate pronouns in your work or switch to the plural pronouns.
5.) Count and Non-count Nouns
fewer and many are ways to count
6.) To/Too/Two- “Two” is a number, “Too” means in addition or excessive, “to” is used in every other case.
7.) Periods and Commas Inside the Quotes- They always go inside the quotes.
8.) Then/Than- “Then” is used for time or consequence, “Than” is used for comparisons only.
9.) Affect/Effect- “Affect” is a verb, “effect” is a noun.
10.) Your/You’re- “You’re” is a contraction for “you are” while “your” is the possessive adjective for “you.”
11.) Single Quotes/Double Quotes- if you’re just using quotes ironically, or for another special purpose, they’re always double, not single quotes.
12.)The Banned 2nd Person- writing 2nd-person sentences that address the reader as “you” is banned from academic writing.
13.)Plurals and Possessives- Writers who make mistake the plural for a possessive.
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11/14
NOTES
Riddle
– A neat video of a crow solving a problem and going through sequences to get a piece of food
– Shows how animals are very smart and can perform problematic tasks just like humans can
Seeking Truth
– Seeking Truth VS “Finding Sources”
– She is in hunt for what she wants so she starts altering information
– We read and study to discover the truth
– When you find the perfect source it always isn’t the best
– finding the perfect source means your just saying someone else info is what your thinking so it’s not your credentials
– If you can’t find a source for your idea that’s exactly what your looking for
– That means you created the idea and when you post it, it will cause others to look into your idea and see if it’s true or not, and the best part is that it doesn’t need to be right because you just created it as your own idea
Bottom Line Grammar
RULE 1: They’re – contraction for they are Their – possessive for them There – everything else
RULE 2: It’s – contraction for it is Its – possessive for it
RULE 3: No need for “the reason” to be in a sentence with “because” since because means “for the reason that”.
RULE 4: Make sure the pronoun genders and numbers are correct. You cant always assume the gender.
RULE 5: Count and non-count nouns. Many/Much and Fewer/Less. Fewer can be counted, but less cannot be.
RULE 6: To/Too/Two. Two is only a number. Too is a conjunction meaning and or in addition and it also means excessive. To is used in every other aspect.
RULE 7: Periods and commas ALWAYS go inside the quotes and never outside
RULE 8: Then/Than. Then is used for time and consequence. Than is only for comparisons
RULE 9: Affect/Effect. Affect is a verb and Effect is a noun.
RULE 10: Your/You’re. You’re is contraction for you are. Your is a possessive adjective for you.
RULE 11: Single and Double quotes. We use double quotes for everything unless its a quote inside a quote
RULE 12: Banned Second Person. “You” should never be used in an academic writing.
RULE 13: Plurals and Possessives.
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Notes – 11/14/19
Crow Solves Puzzle Sequence
– We watched a crow solve a complex puzzle to get food.
Finding Truth
– Finding the “perfect source that proves our argument!” is as bad as starting your argument with the perfect source, for what is left for the writer to say when the definitive argument has already said it.
– The research part of the writing process is the writers chance to find better, unheard for evidence.
– When you cannot find research or evidence to support your claim, you then become the expert on the subject
Bottom-line Grammar
– You should follow these rules when writing a paper:
#1 There/Their/They’re- “They’re” is the contraction for “they are.””Their” is possessive for “them.””There” is used the rest of the time.
#2 Its/It’s- “It’s” is a contraction for “It is”,”its” is the possessive for “it.”
#3 The reason is because- Because means for the reason that.
#4 Pronoun genders and numbers- Alternate pronouns in your work or switch to the plural pronouns.
#5 Count and Non-count Nouns
#6 To/Too/Two- “Two” is a number, “Too” means in addition or excessive, “to” is used in every other case.
#7 Periods and Commas Inside the Quotes- They always go inside the quotes.
#8 Then/Than- “Then” is used for time or consequence, “Than” is used for comparisons only.
#9 Affect/Effect- “Affect” is a verb, “effect” is a noun.
#10 Your/You’re- “You’re” is a contraction for “you are” while “your” is the possessive adjective for “you.”
#11 Single Quotes/Double Quotes- if you’re just using quotes ironically, or for another special purpose, they’re always double, not single quotes.
#12 The Banned 2nd Person//writing 2nd-person sentences that address the reader as “you” is banned from academic writing.
#13 – Plurals and Possessives//Writers who make mistake the plural for a possessive.
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Notes 11/14/19
[] Riddle – Class started off with a video about a crow and how the mind of the crow is very sophisticated. In the video the crow used sticks and rocks to solve a puzzle for a piece of food.
[] Lecture – Using a source that 100% supports your argument should never be used. Doing so, you are just restating or reiterating something that was already published.
-If you find multiple sources that only support your thesis, you are not creating a proper paper.
-You would want to research and find sources that lets someone find or discover the truth.
-the most successful and best pieces state information and sources that have not been used before.
[] Grammar Tips: Many college students come into college not knowing they are making simple but large grammar mistakes. They are expected to know these by the time they enter college and this would be the last chance for students to learn and fix their writing.
-The fifth rule non-count vs count nouns. Numbers and the word many should be used when you are counting or can count an item. While use words such as amount and much for non-count.
-If you receive “FFG” then you “Fail for Grammar.” Prof will write that on final portfolio papers when asking for grammar review if you break one of the rules.
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This class we went over a lot of grammar. There were many rules that every student in the class had to outline which they had the most difficulty with. I liked this part of class because we got to understand what we were always unsure of since there are many places for confusion in the grammar world.
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8 Am Comp Class Notes
Riddle
– [ ] We watched a video about inside a crows mind
Lecture
– [ ] We should not find the perfect source that proves our argument
– [ ] We write to learn not to prove
– [ ] We must ask ourselves as writers these questions where are we in this process?, what’s our contribution to the conversation?, why does this chorus need one more voice echoing the others?
– [ ] Failing to find the source that proves our thesis is important
Grammar
– [ ] We went over grammar techniques that are commonly made in writing
– [ ] Never put a comma or period outside the commas
– [ ] We always start with double quotes then use a single if it’s in the center of it
– [ ] Affect us a verb and effect is a noun
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Class Notes – 11/14/19
Crow Solves Puzzle Sequence
– We watched a crow solve a complex puzzle to get food.
Finding Truth
– Finding the “perfect source that proves our argument!” is as bad as starting your argument with the perfect source, for what is left for the writer to say when the definitive argument has already said it.
– The research part of the writing process is the writers chance to find better, unheard for evidence.
– Failing to find the source that proves the thesis is a blessing, for we are then free to become the expert, draw original conclusions and make a unique contribution to the debate.
Bottom-line Grammar
– When it comes to writing a paper, there are 13 basic grammar rules the writer should always follow:
1. There/Their/They’re- “They’re” is the contraction for “they are.””Their” is possessive for “them.””There” is used the rest of the time.
2. Its/It’s- “It’s” is a contraction for “It is”,”its” is the possessive for “it.”
3. The reason is because- Because means for the reason that.
4. Pronoun genders and numbers- Alternate pronouns in your work or switch to the plural pronouns.
5. Count and Non-count Nouns
6. To/Too/Two- “Two” is a number, “Too” means in addition or excessive, “to” is used in every other case.
7. Periods and Commas Inside the Quotes- They always go inside the quotes.
8. Then/Than- “Then” is used for time or consequence, “Than” is used for comparisons only.
9. Affect/Effect- “Affect” is a verb, “effect” is a noun.
10. Your/You’re- “You’re” is a contraction for “you are” while “your” is the possessive adjective for “you.”
11. Single Quotes/Double Quotes- if you’re just using quotes ironically, or for another special purpose, they’re always double, not single quotes.
12. The Banned 2nd Person- writing 2nd-person sentences that address the reader as “you” is banned from academic writing.
13. Plurals and Possessives- Writers who make mistake the plural for a possessive.
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11/14/2019 Notes
Riddle: Crow Solves Puzzle Sequence:
– We watch a video of a crow who finishes an 8 part sequence to obtain a piece of food.
Lecture: Seeking Truth:
– Why Publish Someone Else’s Truth? We read and study to discover the truth, not to prove that our preconceptions were valid all along.
– We are looking for evidence that helps us discover the truth
– Finding multiple sources that only confirms your thesis is not helpful to your argument.
– Successful papers include new topics that has never been thought of before.
Mechanics: Bottom-Line Grammar:
-Rule 5. Count and Non-count Nouns:
– Many and Much – The easy way to determine whether the noun can be counted or not is to apply the word many or much.
– Use the word fewer, not the word less, to refer to things that can be counted, like votes. Use the word less, not the word fewer, to refer to things that cannot be counted, like voting.
-Rule 7. Periods and Commas Inside the Quotes – Periods and commas always go inside the quotes.
-Rule 11. Single Quotes/ Double Quotes – We use Double Quotes for everything!The only proper use of Single Quotes is inside Double Quotes.
-Rule 9. Affect/Effect – Affect (the verb) and Effect (the noun)
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We watched three videos starting class. The first two showed a Congresswoman drumming and dancing provocatively which was held against her.
A psychologist believes children raised by single parents grow to be more aggressive and are likely to abuse their own children later in life. This psychologist listens intently to children with a single parent and guides them to talk about their violent troubles. In writing, we should not be reading defensively and try and match the thesis were are trying to argue, then we are not learning anything. Learning something new and changing a thesis would be a success because now we can provide support for a more valid point of view. It would be a catastrophe to find an article proving your thesis because it has already been written. Mr. Hodges proposes we should look for evidence that helps us come to a conclusion. It is more beneficial if we find a source that fails to support our argument because, without an expert to follow, we can become the expert.
A student under the username, Username, found that white patients are provided brand name Prozac more often than patients of color. There is no evidence showing why or how but this makes her lucky because now she can draw her own conclusions.
Grammar Tips:
Rue 9: Affect vs. Effect. Affect is a verb and Effect is a noun. The noun version of affect is affection.
Rule 5: Count and Non-Count nouns. The words number and many should be used for nouns that can be counted and use amount and much for noncount nouns. Use fewer for count nouns and less for non count nouns.
Rule 7: Periods and commas should always go inside the quotes. Question marks are used inside the quotes when the quote is a question but if the quote is a declaration than it goes outside the quotes.
Rule 11: Always use double quotes and not single quotes. Only use single quotes inside double quotes.
Rule 13: Example: “America is the world’s most obese nation.” This is correct because it is the nation of the world; it is possessive. For a plural, “Democracy is strong when all citizens’ rights are observed.” If you pronounce the second s then write it.
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Watched a video about a crow solving a puzzle sequence inorder to win the overall reward which is food.
You need sources and evidence to make sure you are backing up you your statement.
Research before having your topic picked out. Researching before a topic could spark something new that you could write about.
We are going over different grammar to help us with editing our op-ed pieces.
Periods and commas always go inside the quotes.
We always use double quotes for everything even when using quotes ironically.
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Notes 11/14/19:
– Riddle: The crow was put through a little test that tested his ability to get food after a certain 8 steps. The crow got his food when he performed the 8 steps in the right order. The crow is smarter than you would think.
– Lecture: The source that perfectly supports your argument, is something you should never use. It’s presenting something that has already been published and you have nothing new to say to that.
– Instead find flaws in similar sources that support your thesis, that way you can build a rebuttal using that information.
– If you can’t find a source on something that refutes your argument, that’s good news. You can now create your own rebuttal and make it something original from your own words.
– Grammar Rules we struggle with: 5,7,11,9,13
– Rule 5: Count and Non-Count Nouns
If you can turn the subject into it’s plural form, then its probably countable. Replace many and much if you are confused. And you use fewer for count nouns, and less for non-count nouns.
– Rule 7: ALWAYS (x5) put the period and comma inside the quotes.
– Rule 11: Only use single quotes if you are quoting something within double quotes.
– Rule 9: Affect/Effect
Affect is a verb, so you can say something does not affect you. Effect is a noun, so you can say something has an effect on you.
– Rule 13: The thing you think is plural is actually something that has possession. You make it plural first and then add the apostrophe s. If you pronounce the second s, then it belongs there, otherwise it’s wrong.
Ex. World’s nation, the nation of the world (if you think about it).
Mr. Hodges’s car, if you say it with the extra s, it works.
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-Watched a video of a supreme court woman dancing in a video she made in college and talked about how she was criticized for making this and people questioned how professional she is
-Watched another video about a crow who was able to complete multi-step activities to retrieve food from a box
-We read and study to discover the truth, not to prove that our preconceptions were valid all along.
-we start reading defensively, hoping to avoid unpleasant counterarguments that upset our worldview
-Reading openly and honestly, remaining receptive to the best ideas and evidence we can find, we gain knowledge and perspective.
-The research part of the writing process is our chance to find better, not to locate good enough
-questions to ask: where are we in this process?, what’s our contribution to the conversation?, why does this chorus need one more voice echoing the others?
-Instead of giving the credit for our ideas to acknowledged authorities, we get to draw our own conclusions, based on the best evidence we’ve found, and make a unique contribution to the debate.
-Count and non-count nouns use the word number, not the word amount, to refer to things that can be counted, like votes. Use the word amount, not the word number, to refer to things that cannot be counted, like voting.
-Period and commas inside the quotes Always, always, always, always, always.
Periods and commas always go inside the quotes.
-Affect/ Effect Affect: The cold does not affect me. Affect is a verb.
Effect: The cold has no effect on me. Effect is a noun.
-Single quotes/ double quotes Other countries can do what they like, but in America, we use Double Quotes for everything! Even if you’re just using quotes ironically, or for another special purpose, they’re always double, not single quotes.
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